How does DNA control genes?

• A. DNA sequences transcribe into lipids.
• B. DNA is only structural.
• C. DNA does not affect proteins.
• D. DNA sequences determine the synthesis of proteins, which influence traits and functions.

Answer: (D)

DNA carries the instructions for making proteins. A gene’s DNA sequence is first copied into RNA (transcription), then the RNA is used to assemble a protein (translation). The specific DNA sequence determines the order of amino acids in the protein, and these proteins carry out the cell’s work—as enzymes, structural components, signaling molecules, and more. In turn, those proteins shape how cells function and respond, influencing traits and overall biology. That direct link—from DNA to protein synthesis to cellular function and phenotype—is why this option is the best description. The other statements misstate the process: transcription yields RNA, not lipids; DNA isn’t only structural; and DNA does affect proteins through gene expression.